What Is The Theme Of Dr. FaustusBy Christopher Marlowe

Justin Moon Professor Warren English 205 July 8, 2017 Writing Assignment 2: Pride: The Premise to Sin The danger of the sin of pride is a recurring theme throughout sixteenth century English literature, and a primary theme in â€Å"Dr. Faustus† by Christopher Marlowe. Dr. Faustus is the main character, who seeks power through a â€Å"pact with the devil.† He trades his soul for power and knowledge beyond the human realm. Dr. Faustus’ pride and sense of achievement, is the catalyst to his downfall. In context, the theme of pride predates the religion of Christianity. Christopher Marlowe introduces pre-Christian myths, situated in a Christian narrative to lay the foundation of the conflict of Dr. Faustus. Icarus from Greek mythology is mentioned:†¦show more content†¦The consequence is the devil’s banishment from heaven. After pride, the other sins are introduced: covetousness, envy, wrath, gluttony, sloth, and lechery. The placement of the sin of pride, as the first of the deadly sins, is significant, because this parallels how Dr. Faustus gets involved in the conflict due to his pride. Pride is the â€Å"gateway sin† that drives Dr. Faustus to seek more self-glorification, which will lead him to commit all the other sins. Dr. Faustus’ pride makes it difficult for him to steer away from his path of doom, despite the many accolades and accomplishments. He had mastered law, medicine, and theology; however, none of these subjects proved to be satisfying. Near the beginning of the story, Dr. Faustus rationalizes that mankind is predestined to sin, based on his imperfect understanding of Christian doctrine: If we say that we have no sin, We deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us. Why, then, belike we must sin And so consequently die. Ay, we must die an everlasting death. What doctrine call you this? Che serà  , serà  ? What will be, shall be? Divinity, adieu! (1.1.41-47) From this quote, it conveys that Dr. Faustus is gratified from his twisted version and understanding of the scriptures, and this prevents him from studying religion any further. This characterization of Dr. Faustus serves as a bit of dramatic irony, because he is too prideful to repent of

The Inborn Names Of The Morongo Reservation - 1437 Words

Set at the extremity of the striking San Gorgonio and San Jacinto Mountains, the Morongo Indian Reservation extends more than 35,000 acres and overlooks the desert vistas of the Banning Pass. Wild buckwheat, mesquite and chaparral still flourish here, and the ubiquitous breeze ensures that the air is always fresh and clear. One of the inborn names of the Morongo Reservation was Malki, and it was located in what was once called the Wanikik territory. In the mid-19th century, the Serrano people to the north began journeying to the Malki settlement. They brought with them the Morongo name derivative from the Serrano name for their people, Maringayam. Since the late 19th century, the Morongo Reservation has been tenanted by a mix of Cahuilla, Serrano, Luiseno and Cupeno people. Irrepressible and ingenious, the Morongo tribe has overcome many hardships. The Morongo Reservation was one of nine small reservations set aside by President Grant by Executive Order in 1865. The lands taken into trust by the federal government did not include land with access to surface water. Accordingly, tribal members had to travel miles each day just to acquire water and to forage for food. Through their industriousness and capability to survive in an unstable physical and political environment, the Morongo tribe began a small bingo venture in 1983. On February 25, 1987, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that neither the state of California nor Riverside County could control the bingo and card

Finance for Brisbane Airport Corporation - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theFinance for Brisbane Airport Corporation. Answer: Project Description / Opportunity Summary of the different elements of the two expansion options The two main aspects of the expansion opportunities has been identified with the various type of the options which has been seen to be related to the decision whether the expansion should be based on construction of a new five storey car park with a 1,250 car capacity or construction of new 3.4km runway. The involvement of the key parties of the project has been seen with the airport authority, management and the staff of Brisbane Airport Corporation (BAC). Discussion on amount of investment The total amount of the cost of construction for new five storey car park with a 1,250 car capacity has been identified with total amount of $ 195000000 and establishment cost of $ 15000000. On the other hand the construction cost of 3.4km runway has been identified with an total investment of $ 1200000000. In addition to this, the total amount of establishment cost has been further seen to be discerned in form of $ 85000000. The first key ratio has been seen to be considered with Debt/Equity Ratio of 40%, while the Debt /Equity Ratio of 80% has been seen to state that the project for car park is seen with a better standing. Moreover the IRR for the expansion of the car park has been further seen to be considered with the main aspect of 9.24% and runway expansion is considered with IRR of 9.04. This has been clearly able to state that the investment for the expansion of car park is seen to be a better option. It has been further identified that the Debt Service Coverage ratio for the expansion of car park is seen with 5.85 and runway is 5.22. Henceforth, due to lower amount of debt service coverage ratio for runway project it has not seen to be ideal in nature. In terms of the revenue comparison of both the projects it has been seen that the expansion of the car park is seen to be more ideal in nature. This particular consideration has been seen to be evident with the total revenue of $210,000,000 has bee n evident with the construction operations and $ 827,517,010 has been seen to be evident with the revenues from the operations. In the contrast with the expansion invest in the Runway it has been seen that the revenue from the construction has been seen with a total amount of $1,285,000,000 and operations of $14,560,723,406. It has been further discerned that the various types of the cost such as operating cost, lifecycle cost, debt payment and the equity distribution has been identified to be in a better potion for the expansion investment in the car park project. This has been seen to be evident with the lower amount of the cost which has been identified with the lower amount of the cost with $157,500,948 operating cost for the car park project and $6,823,698,784 for the runway project. Some of the various types of the other evidence of the increased amount of the cost for the various types of the cost such as lifecycle cost and debt payment have been seen to be evident with the R unway project. Key Project Milestones Date Milestones 1.11.2017 Identification of the feasible project 15.11.2017 Sourcing of the use of funds 20.11.2017 Assignment of the people for operating and lifecycle operations 1.12.2017 Arrangement for the various types of borrowing and loans 12.12.2017 Finalise the project plan Investment Risk Assessment Risk Which Expansion More Riskier and Why Approach to Management and Mitigation Construction Risk due to unexpected ground conditions In general it has been identified that construction risk of new five storey car park with a 1,250 car capacity is seen to be higher than Construction of a new 3.4km runway. This is due to the engineering constraints for the entry and exit of 1250 cars. The main approach to the management needs to be made with the lower amount of the cost for the car park project than the runway project. It has been further identified that better revenue and financial ratios has been seen to be better in case of car park. Interest Rate Risk The interest rate of both car park and runway has been identified with 4.25%. Therefore, it cannot be discerned whether car park or runway is seen to be riskier in terms of the interest rate. In terms of approach to the management it cannot be discerned whether the recommendation can be made with the interest rate for the either of the project. Operational Costs Risk The operational cost risk has been identified to be higher in terms of runway project. This has been evident with lower amount of the cost with $157,500,948 operating cost for the car park project and $6,823,698,784 for the runway project. Based on the various considerations for the operating cost it has been seen that the expansion project for car park expansion is a better option. It needs to be further identified with the various types of the increasing aspect with the revenue and equity distributions. Facility Demand Risk The Facility demand risk for the runway project has been seen to be higher with car park project. It has been further seen that facility demand considerations for the car park is seen to be evident with the various type of the consideration with 3.5 km of the runway space and the various types of the additional operating cost which has been further seen to be evident with the same. The recommendation based on the facility operating risk for the runway project has been seen to be based on them main recommendation which will be able to be conducive for facilitating the runway project. Model Improvements The different types of the recommendations for the model improvements have been seen to be suggested in three ways: Consideration of facility risk The main form of the risk associated to the facility risk has been evident with higher with car park project. It has been further seen that facility demand considerations for the car park is seen to be evident with the various type of the consideration with 3.5 km of the runway space and the various types of the additional operating cost which has been further seen to be evident with the same. Due to the various types of the aspects for the facility risk, a specialised team needs to be appointed who will be able to consider the various types of the facility risk which has been seen to be associated to improvement in the present facility for car park. Consideration of recommendation for operating cost The different types of the recommendation for the operating cost has been considered with the different types of the consideration which has been seen to be utilising the higher amount of the revenues incurred from the expansion plan for car park project. Consideration of the recommendation based on the ratios The important recommendation for the improvement for the runway project can be improved with the increment in the IRR and Debt/Equity Ratio. It has been further seen that runway project needs to lower the total amount of the Debt equity ratio and needs to consider the various types of the considerations for the deteriorating metrics for higher amount of the loan and other borrowings. Recommendation The main form of the recommendation has been seen to be in favour of the car park project. The total amount of the cost of construction for new five storey car park with a 1,250 car capacity has been identified with total amount of $ 195000000 and establishment cost of $ 15000000. On the other hand the construction cost of 3.4km runway has been identified with a total investment of $ 1200000000. This shows that there is an increased amount of cost for runway project. Another aspect for the recommendation has been further seen to be considered with Debt/Equity Ratio of 40%, while the Debt /Equity Ratio of 80% has been seen to state that the project for car park is seen with a better standing. Moreover the IRR for the expansion of the car park has been further seen to be considered with the main aspect of 9.24% and runway expansion is considered with IRR of 9.04. Based on the various considerations for the operating cost it has been seen that the expansion project for car park expansio n is a better option. It needs to be further identified with the various types of the increasing aspect with the revenue and equity distributions. The lower amount of the cost which has been identified with the lower amount of the cost with $157,500,948 operating cost for the car park project and $6,823,698,784 for the runway project. Some of the various types of the other evidence of the increased amount of the cost for the various types of the cost such as lifecycle cost and debt payment have been seen to be evident with the Runway project. Due to the various types of the aforementioned the project of Car park is recommended. References Arnold, G. (2013).Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E. F. (2014). Financial management theory and practice. Atlantic Publishers Distri. Renz, D. O. (2016). The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Petty, J. W., Titman, S., Keown, A. J., Martin, P., Martin, J. D., Burrow, M. (2015). Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Methods of Birth Control free essay sample

GSD/EST/OBA/11 METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL INTRODUCTION 1. A sexually active woman that is fertile and capable of becoming pregnant needs to ask herself, â€Å"Do I want to become pregnant now? if her answer is No†, she must use at least a method of birth control. This is because over the years, events have shown that uncontrolled births have negative social economic impact on the population. Amongst the effects of uncontrolled births are unwanted children, overpopulation, increased maternal mortality, overcrowding, overstretched public utilities, reduced standard of living and the non-development in the rural areas. 2. Despite these facts, a section of the population still do not make use of these methods of birth control due to religious or moral believes. The awareness of birth control dates back to era of our great-grandmothers, when after childbirth they stopped sex with their husbands until the child is weaned. Information is key to liberation;[1] therefore, to reduce these negative impacts, the need to use the correct method of birth control arises. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods of Birth Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of appropriate birth control method allows individuals to plan their envisioned lives. It is against this background that I will be reviewing the methods of birth control practised in Nigeria. AIM 3. The aim of this presentation is to highlight birth control methods available to Nigerians. SCOPE 4. The presentation will cover the following: a. Methods of birth Control. b. Natural Methods of Birth Control. c. Artificial Methods of Birth Control. d. Consequences of Methods of Birth Control. Methods of Birth Control. 5. Birth control is an umbrella term for several practices or devices used to prevent fertilization or the interruption of  pregnancy  in a sexually active woman. [2] It could be in form of family planning, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, contraception or contragestion. Government policy or health related issues might demand the use of a birth control method. Different birth control method requires different actions by its users to accomplish desired result. The choice of method depends on the suitability to individual body chemistry or life style. 6. When the desire to use a birth control method arises, cost medical advice or compatibility with our bodies, most times helps to make a decision. Methods of birth control can be broadly grouped under: a. Natural Methods of Birth control. b. Artificial Methods of Birth Control. NATURAL METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL 7. Natural methods of birth control are neither mechanical nor due to hormone manipulation but on observing some aspect of a womans body physiology in order to prevent fertilization. These methods require that a man and woman do not allow a woman’s egg or the sperm to come into contact by natural means. Natural Methods of birth control include: a. Total abstinence. b. Fertility awareness Method. c. Withdrawal. d. Breast feeding 8. Total Abstinence. Total Abstinence is a means of birth control were the parties voluntary refraining from sexual activity. Abstinence is the only contraceptive method that is 100% effective in the prevention of both pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. 9. Fertility Awareness Method (FAM). Fertility awareness methods are based on knowledge of a woman’s ovulation period. In order to use a FAM, it is necessary to watch for the signs and symptoms that indicate ovulation has occurred or is about to occur. FAM can be up to 90% effective if well observed and require a continuous and conscious commitment with considerable monitoring and self-control. [3] FAM Includes: a. Billings ovulation method b. Basal body temperature. 0. Withdrawal. Withdrawal involves the deliberate removal of the erect penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation. The main risk of withdrawal is that the man may not perform the manoeuvre correctly, or may not perform the withdrawal in a timely manner and the aim is defeated. 11. Breast feeding. Breastfeeding may delay the return to fertility for some women by suppressing ovulation. This is effective only when exclusive breastfeeding is being done and lasts up for up to six months after childbirth. ARTIFICIAL METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL 12. This involves the use of external substance or material to prevent pregnancy. Success rate is relatively high compared to FAM. This method includes the following: a. Barrier method. b. Intrauterine Devices. c. Hormonal Contraceptive. d. Surgical Sterilization. 13. Barrier method. Barrier  method  involves physical blockage of the sperm from entering the uterus to unite with an egg. Barrier methods must be used with each act of sexual intercourse. They include: a. Male and female condoms. b. Diaphragm. c. Cervical Cap. d. Spermicides. 14. Intrauterine Device. The  intrauterine  device (IUD) is a small plastic device inserted into a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs prevents pregnancies by interfering with the mobility of sperm and decreases the ability of a sperm to fertilize an egg or prevents implanting of a fertilized egg to the lining of the uterus. 15. Hormonal Contraceptive. Hormonal  contraceptives deliver doses of female sex hormones that alter a woman’s reproductive cycle in one or more ways. Available  only  on  prescription, hormonal contraceptives are extremely effective in preventing pregnancy, when used properly they include: a. Birth Control Pills. b. Hormonal Implant. c. Contraceptive Injection. d. Contraceptive Ring. e. Contraceptive Patch. 16. Surgical Sterilization. This involves surgical alteration of the human anatomy. There exist 3 types of surgical procedures: vasectomy for men, hysterectomy and tubal sterilization for women. Vasectomy is the cutting of the two vas deferens ducts that carry sperm from the testes to the penis and tiring the ends to prevent sperm from reaching the penis. In Tubal  sterilization, the fallopian tubes are either cut, tied, blocked, or sealed to prevent eggs descending from the ovaries to encounter sperm. Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and/or the ovaries. These procedures are permanent forms of birth control. CONSEQUENCES OF BIRTH CONTROL METHODS 17. There is always a chance of side effects when taking hormonal birth control. Certain Hormonal contraceptives may cause bloating, weight gain and increased risk of blood clots nausea, dizziness, mood swings, depression, irritability, breast tenderness, irregular and painful periods, amongst others. Emergency contraceptive pills may cause nausea, vomiting or ectopic pregnancy, and may affect the duration of the next menstrual cycle. The prolong use of hormonal contraceptives may alter the woman’s physiology cause secondary infertility by suppressing egg production. 8. Barrier methods have a risk of allergic reaction; persons sensitive to latex have to look for polyurethane or silicone barriers. Spermicides also have possible side effects of genital irritation, vaginal infection, or urinary tract infection. Male and female sterilization are permanent methods of birth control. Sterilization procedures are considered to have low risk and of little side effects, though some persons and organizations disagree. [4] A desire to have more children may occur and the couple will regret their decision. CONCLUSION 19. All methods of birth control are based on either preventing a mans sperm from fertilizing a womans egg or preventing the fertilized egg from implanting in the womans womb and starting to grow. The control can be natural or artificial. New methods of birth control are being developed and tested all the time and what is appropriate for a couple at one point may change with time, cost and circumstances. Unfortunately, no birth control method, except abstinence, is considered to be 100% effective. [5] 20. Birth control methods help save women and their childrens lives and preserve their health by preventing untimely and unwanted. regnancies. It reduces womens exposure to the health risks of* childbirth and abortion and gives women, who are often the sole caregivers, more time to care for their children and themselves. Selecting a method is a personal decision that involves consideration of some factors, including convenience, reliability, side effects, and reversibility. The warnings and appeals on the need to space our children by using appropriate birth control method must be allowed to continue. OB ANIMASAHUN Jaji-Kaduna Lt Cdr Aug 11Student REFERENCES 1. CHILD SPACING: EFFECTS ON THE SOLDIERS STANDARD OF LIVING, LT COL CA HALIRU, 2003 2. MICROSOFT ENCARTA 2009. 3. WWW. AMERICANPREGNANCY. ORG/PREVENTINGPREGNANCY/FERTILITYAWARENESSNFP 4. EN. WIKIPEDIA. ORG/WIKI/BIRTH_CONTROL 5. WWW. OPTIONSFORSEXUALHEALTH. ORG 6. WWW. UNFPA. ORG 7. WWW. HEALTHTIPSCITY. COM 8. WWW. MEDICINENET. COM/VASECTOMY/PAGE2. HTM# EFFECTIVE 9. EMEDICINE. MEDSCAPE. COM/ARTICLE/258507-OVERVIEW [1] www. christianebeerlandt. com/Foreword [2] En. wikipedia. org/wiki/Birth_control [3] www. americanpregnancy. org/preventingpregnancy/fertilityawarenessNFP [4] http://www. medicinenet. com/vasectomy/page2. htm#effective [5] http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/258507-overview

Creative Writing Topics #038; Ideas

Creative Writing Topics #038; Ideas Creative writing can be characterized as a style of writing that is made with creativity. It includes such types of writing as fiction writing, poetry writing, creative nonfiction writing, and many others. Creative writing is aimed at exposing different ideas, whether it will be emotions, feelings, or opinions. Hence, one may say that creative writing is anything where the goal is to express thoughts and feelings rather than merely to convey precise information. Accordingly, rather than only providing data or encouraging the reader to make a particular action, creative writing is composed to inspire or entertain someone, to spread ideas concerning something or someone, or to reveal one’s views. There are two types of creative writing such as effective and ineffective writings. Ineffective creative writing can be defined as a type of writing that cannot make any impact on the reader. This type of creative writing will not accomplish its purpose. Therefore, all creative writers, including novelists, poets, short-story writers, essayists, and others want to improve their writing to make it effective. To increase proficiency in creative writing, one should develop sufficient writing skills and thus, practice a lot. Topic and Ideas for Creative Writing Paper Below you can find the examples of topics for the creative writing paper. Outside the Window It may be one of the easiest themes to inspire a writer. You can write about the weather outside your window. If it is not inspiring to you, try to write about the weather in a place that you wish you could be. If I Had a Million Dollars This theme inspires one to use imagination. Everyone enjoyed dreaming about winning one million dollars, so use your imagination and try to develop this theme. Food Food is one of the most creative themes. You can write about your breakfast, dinner or lunch as well as about your favorite meal. You can write a story about a unique food experience or exotic food. Describe the most exciting meal you have ever had; it may be a good or a bad meal. Describe it in detail; for instance, say who was there with you, what meals were served, where the restaurant was located, and how you felt yourself before and after a meal. Try to answer those questions. Either you could write a poem concerning a time you met a friend at a cafà © during lunch. Eye Contact You could write a creative essay about two persons seeing each other for the first time. This theme seems to be quite inspiring as you can imagine any circumstances. Love Many creative writings discussed the theme of love. Love is one of the most widely held subjects covered in books. Thus, it may be a universal theme for you as you can explore love in a number of different ways in your writings. For instance, you can write about first love, forbidden love or unrequited love. You also can incorporate such themes as the love between partners and love between parents and children, and so on. Death Death is also one of the so-called literatures universal themes. In many different sources, the authors present the subject of death in some way or another. Thus, in your writing, you may explore a feeling of sadness after the death of a beloved person. You may examine the life-and-death cycle. Try to imagine what comes after death. Individual vs. Society Many creative writings use the conflict between the individual and society as the main theme. Such a story may revolve around the protagonist who confronts the community he or she lives in. Thus, you may write about a person who is different from other people, and either makes an effort to fit in with societys values or rebels against society. You may use this theme in dystopian fiction. Fear You can write about the subject that scares you. In that case, you can reveal what you feel when you are scared. Ask your inner self why you are afraid of something; you may be afraid of something because of your personal experience or judgment of others. You also can imagine a hypothetical situation when you are scared and write on how you can react to this situation. Good vs. Evil The struggle between good and evil is one of the most frequent themes in fantasy. It seems that this theme does not need explicit explaining as the books that investigate this theme generally emphasize a battle between good and evil, in which good usually wins. You may get inspiration from such publications as The Lord of the Rings written by J. R. R. Tolkien and George R. R. Martins â€Å"A Song of Ice and Fire.† Coming of Age The books concerning adulthood are quite popular among readers of all ages. Exploring this theme, you can write about occurrences in a young characters life that point to a radical shift of his or her mindset and standpoint. On the most famous works concerning this theme is â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† written by J. D. Salinger. It reveals the story of a sixteen-year-old boy facing the problem of teenage angst. Survival All living creatures have the same fundamental instinct for survival so that survival is a common theme in the literary discourse. In recent decades, the so-called dystopian genre becomes entirely popular making the subject of survival even more widespread. You can confront the characters with external issues such the environmental problems, a disease or a battle with an antagonist. As this theme is entirely popular nowadays, your piece of writing definitely will be successful. Bravery and Heroism The stories revealing the idea of heroism and courage have been quite popular for thousands of years. Not to mention, one of the most broadly used story structures in creative writing is the so-called heros journey structure. However, you may explore the theme of heroism in different ways. The most popular are â€Å"mythical† hero stories concerning the characters who are destined for greatness, and, at the same time, stories about heroes who achieve success despite the odds. Robin Hood, who is a character from English legends, is one of the most popular heroes in the literary discourse. He was stealing from wealthy people and giving to the poor. Therefore, you may use this prototype in your creative writing. Refreshed You may write a composition about a time you actually felt refreshed and renovated. Maybe you felt this during a dip into a pool on a warm summer day or when you made a sip of fresh lemonade. You can write about any situation that encouraged you to relax. It also may explore your experience having hard times and a case or a subject that helped you to start again. War The theme of war has been relevant for thousands of years. Many different authors used the issue of war in a variety of works of historical stories revealing the horrors of wars, to fiction stories considering fights between fantastical figures. Hence, as war is depicted throughout the history of literature, you also may explore this theme in your writings. Interview You may write a creative composition in the form of a conversation. This may be a real interview with a real person, as well as a fictional interview with a historical figure. To start, you should compose a list of questions you have for someone and then, develop it into your composition. Book Inspired Think about your favorite book. Point out why you like this book and what is the most exciting part of it. Moreover, you also can write a poem that sums up the whole plot of the book in less than ten lines. Prejudice The theme of prejudice has been frequently explored throughout literature. You can write a tale about the characters overcoming their prejudice and show how they managed to change their way of thinking for the better. Accordingly, exploring this theme you may investigate the destructive outcomes of prejudice and hasty judgment on one’s personality. As an example, you can use Jane Austens â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† which describes a love story based on wrong first impressions and prejudice. Secret Message Writers frequently write stories with a hidden sense. Try to compose something with a secluded message hidden between the lines. For example, you can write an acrostic poem where the last letters of the words will indicate a hidden message. Random Wikipedia Article If you cannot pick the theme from the list mentioned above, you may go to Wikipedia and click on the button Random Article. Then, write a piece of creative writing concerning whatever the page you get. Conclusion As can be seen, there are many different types of creative writing. The exploration of any theme, whether it is comprehensively explored or just inspected superficially, adds depth to any story. For creative writing, you may choose any subject from a broad topic such as love or coming of age to more particular themes such as analysis of the favorite book. However, you should note that creative writing is a specific type of writing that should be original and self-expressive to attract readers. Creative writing is aimed to entertain the readers and share personal experience, for instance, love or loss. Thus, keep in mind that whether you are attempting to express, it is of vital importance to use your imagination and be creative.

Water Properties and Facts You Should Know

Water Properties and Facts You Should Know Water is the most abundant molecule on the Earths surface and one of the most important molecules to study in chemistry. The facts of water chemistry reveal why this is such an incredible molecule. What Is Water? Water is a chemical compound. Each molecule of water, H2O or HOH, consists of two atoms of hydrogen bonded to one atom of oxygen. Properties of Water There are several important properties of water that distinguish it from other molecules and make it the key compound for life: Cohesion is a key property of water. Because of the polarity of the molecules, water molecules are attracted to each other. Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring molecules. Because of its cohesiveness, water remains a liquid at normal temperatures rather than vaporizing into a gas. Cohesiveness also leads to high surface tension. An example of the surface tension is seen by beading of water on surfaces and by the ability of insects to walk on liquid water without sinking.Adhesion is another property of water. Adhesiveness is a measure of waters ability to attract other types of molecules. Water is adhesive to molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds with it.  Adhesion and cohesion lead to capillary action, which is seen when the water rises up a narrow glass tube or within the stems of plants.The high specific heat and high heat of vaporization mean a lot of energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Because of this, water resists extreme temperature cha nges. This is important for weather and also for species survival. The high heat of vaporization means evaporating water has a significant cooling effect. Many animals use perspiration to keep cool, taking advantage of this effect. Water is a polar molecule. Each molecule is bent, with the negatively charged oxygen on one side and the pair of positive-charged hydrogen molecules on the other side of the molecule.Water is the only common compound that exists in solid, liquid, and gas phase under ordinary, natural conditions.Water is amphoteric, which means it can act as both an acid and a base. Self-ionization of water produces H and OH- ions.Ice is less dense than liquid water. For most materials, the solid phase is denser than the liquid phase. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the lower density of ice. An important consequence is that lakes and rivers freeze from the top down, with ice floating on water.Pure liquid water at room temperature is odorless, tasteless, and nearly colorless. Water has a faint blue color, which becomes more apparent in large volumes of water.Water has the second highest specific enthalpy of fusion of all substances (after ammonia). The specific enthalpy of fu sion of water is 333.55 kJ ·kg−1 at 0  °C. Water has the second highest specific heat capacity of all known substances. Ammonia has the highest specific heat. Water also has a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ ·mol−1). The high specific heat and heat of vaporization result from the high degree of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. One consequence of this is that water is not subject to rapid temperature fluctuations. On Earth, this helps to prevent dramatic climate changes.Water may be called the universal solvent because it is able to dissolve many different substances. Interesting Water Facts Other names for water are dihydrogen monoxide, oxidane, hydroxylic acid, and hydrogen hydroxide.The molecular formula of water is H2OMolar mass: 18.01528(33) g/molDensity: 1000 kg/m3, liquid (4  °C) or 917 kg/m3, solidMelting point: 0  °C, 32  °F (273.15 K)Boiling point: 100  °C, 212  °F (373.15 K)Acidity (pKa): 15.74Basicity (pKb): 15.74Refractive index: (nD) 1.3330Viscosity: 0.001 Pa s at 20  °CCrystal structure: hexagonalMolecular shape: bent

Commercial case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commercial case study - Essay Example The client in these contracts has no long term liabilities to the independent project manager who can be dispensed with if he/she fails to meet the terms of the contract. Moreover, the independent project manager can be compensated using a variety of payment mechanisms, the details of which have been presented in the report. Dobson (2004) and Frame (2002) believe that one of the most basic rules of project management is to focus on the triple constraints which are Scope, Time, and Cost. Any relaxation in any of these results in a snowball effect on the scope, late and over-budget project delivery, resulting in unsuccessful categorization of the project. An independent project manager gets to have an impartial view of the situation without any preconceived notions and biased relationships (Walker, 2002, p. 10). Moreover, it is difficult to influence an independent project manager through the existing negotiation power that may rest with the other parties involved. An independent project manager provides a critical analysis of the scope of the project without any conflicts of interest. Scope setting by the owner of the project often results in over-commitment whereas if done by the contractors often results in under-commitment. An independent view on the other hand provides a more balanced assessment of the situation. According to Ibbs and Kwak (2000), and Peter Morris (1999) procurement is an important component of project management. An independent project manager is largely unaffected by the balance of power in existing vendor relationships. Moreover, he can make unbiased decisions for the good of the project without the burden of existing relationships hanging over him. An independent project manager brings in a fresh perspective, a broad list of vendor options and experience of dealing with them, and best practices from the industry regarding contractual relationships. He will also be