Question 2 Essay Example

Question 2 Essay Between 1803 and 1853, the area of the United States more than tripled. As the nation expanded westward, the different parts of the country grew apart. The people of the North, the South and the West all developed different ways of life because of the different climates, kinds of land and natural resources in the three sections. Each section had its own problems and people wanted the national government to pass only such laws as would help their section. This attitude is known as sectionalism and it would cause great harm to the unity of the country.In the past, people of the different areas had worked together because they all wanted the same things. Thus, the generations of Americans from the 1770s to the 1840s achieved great successes in territorial expansion. However, from 1820 to 1860, national unity lessened as sectional interests came first and people argued among themselves about tariffs, money, the building of roads and railroads and were divided over slavery (Kurth, 1996).T he social, economic and political conditions between the sections had diverged by 1850. In the North, factories were being built and were producing a wide variety of articles. There was a movement of the immigrant population to the West where fertile farms were made out of the wilderness and acres of wheat and crop were grown. In the South, cotton was king. The cotton economy of the South was based on the labor of the Negro slaves. As the cotton was milled, it was usually sent by ship to the textile factories in the North or to Europe. As the nation expanded in population and size, better transportation facilities were needed. The most important were the railroad, the steamboat and to a lesser extent, the canals. Most of them went from east to west, allowing the agricultural products of the West to be sent east and the manufactured products of the East to be went west. To a certain extent, this shut off the South from the rest of the country (Morris, 1965).As more and more settlers moved west, more and more portions of land were organized as territories. The Southerners wanted to have slavery in at least some of the new territories because new farmland was need and since the plantation system was based on slavery, they sought this new land where slavery was permitted. Also, the Southerners wanted to keep the balance of power in the Senate.In 1819 when Missouri, a territory allowing slavery applied for admission as a state, the balance between slave and free states was threatened. If Missouri was accepted, there will then be eleven free states and twelve slave states. The North proposed that for Missouri to be accepted, the following conditions should apply that no additional slaves are to enter Missouri and the children of the slaves who are already there are to be freed at the age of 25. The Southerners resent the intrusion and this was not passed in the Senate. Instead, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was passed with the admission of Maine as a free state, M issouri as a slave state and slavery is barred from the Louisiana territory north of latitude 36o 30’ (â€Å"An Outline of American History†, 1994).When California and New Mexico were seized soon after war with Mexico was declared in mid-19th century, the problem of slavery once again became an issue. In January 1850, Henry Clay proposed a compromise to solve the problem of slavery in the territories on five points:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that California be admitted as a free state as it had requested;2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that territorial governments be set up in New Mexico and Utah;3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that a new and stricter fugitive slave law be passed to provide for returning runaway slaves to their owners;4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that the slave trade in District of Columbia be entirely stopped;5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that the boundary between Texas and New Mexico be settled and that the U.S. government will pay any debts that Texas had.After much debate and inevitable dissatisfaction by the extremists in the North and South, it passed as law and became known as the Compromise of 1850 (Smith, 1906).A decade later, a compromise can no longer be reached and due to sectional differences, slavery issue and issues against territorial management of the country’s expansion, several Southern states seceded from the Union setting the stage for the Civil War.Referencesâ€Å"Extension of Slavery, Chapter 5.† (1994). An outline of American history. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/H/1994/ch8_p1.htm.

How to Get Good Grades in High School

How to Get Good Grades in High School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The transition to high school causes academic whiplash for many students. It’s hard to adapt to a new environment and get good grades when you’re given more independence in your assignments and are expected to learn more challenging materials. In this guide, I’ll go through the most important strategies that will help you to get good grades in high school and beyond. Basic Academic Survival Strategies Let's start with the most fundamental strategies for getting good grades. A strong foundation is the key to success! Strategy #1: Read Directions and Rubrics Carefully Read the directions thoroughly on every assignment you get.If you don’t follow the directions, you won’t get a good grade even if what you do would be considered solid work on a slightly different project.If your teacher tells you to write a seven-page essay, and you only write five, you'll get points taken off even if you do a good job. Don't sacrifice your grade just because you were careless or chose to ignore the instructions! Sometimes when students misinterpret directions, they blame the teacher for giving them a bad grade.Even if you disagree with the structure of an assignment, being stubborn about it probably won’t get you anywhere.You should re-educate yourself on the expectations for the class so that you don’t give the teacher another chance to deduct points from your assignments.In these cases, you’re probably just dealing with a strict teacher who likes to stick to very specific guidelines.Once you know what the his or her standards are, you will be able to reliably earn high grades. Strategy #2: Listen and Participate in Class A trait that is consistent in people who get good grades is that they pay attention in class.You may think that you can just space out in class, study hard later, and ace the test. If school has always been a breeze for you, this might be true up to a point, but it will catch up with you when you run into something that isn’t as easy to understand. If you pay attention in class, you’ll spend less time studying in the long run.Why is this? It’s because you’ve already absorbed a lot of the information you need to know just by being engaged while your teacher is talking. You can even go a step farther and take notes in class to reinforce what you’re learning in a different way. It's smart to get into this habit before college so that you don’t struggle with note taking in lecture classes. If you learn how to summarize the main points of a lesson now, it will be easier for you to take notes at times when they’re even more critical. Class participation is another big part of this.Participation is important for a couple of reasons.First and foremost, it might be a part of your grade! In some cases, class participation accounts for ten percent or more of your final grade.Even if it isn't a part of your grade, participating in class will help you understand the material more thoroughly and let the teacher know that you care about the subject. For me, class participation was always very difficult because I was shy and afraid that I would say the wrong thing. If you have this issue, I would recommend sitting as close to the front of the classroom as possible so that it feels like you’re just talking to the teacher and not addressing the whole class. Also, try not to overthink it! I can’t tell you how many times I had an answer in my head that I decided was dumb only to hear someone else say it thirty seconds later. Even if your answer is incorrect, you should view it as a learning opportunity that may help you to understand the material better. This is what your face should look like in class. If you're extra creepy, your teacher will be afraid to give you bad grades. Strategy #3: Ask for Help Sooner Rather Than Later Often, the key to success is knowing when to ask for help, and high school classes are no exception.If you don’t understand a concept, don’t wait until you’ve already bombed a test to get help.Approach your teacher as soon as possible, and ask if he or she would be willing to meet you after school to go over the material.By doing this, you can avoid bad grades before they happen and build a positive relationship with your teacher. Of course, all of this is easier said than done. It's hard to ask for help if your teacher is less friendly or you’re a super independent person.If you’re worried about approaching your teacher, stick to a script. You can just say â€Å"Teacher’s Name, I’m having some difficulty understanding this unit. I was wondering if you might be able to talk through the main concepts with me after school at some point. I’ll come up with a list of my questions.† If you prepare a list of questions for your teacher, it will be easier for you to get the information you need and for your teacher to explain things in a way that is helpful to you.You should also remember that there’s absolutely no shame in asking for help.It’s really the smartest thing you can do if you’re struggling, and it will only lead to better grades in the future. Strategy #4: Don’t Rely on Your Family and Friends Too Much Another way of saying this is â€Å"don’t cheat,† but sometimes the definition of cheating can be nebulous.If you and your friends help each other on a homework assignment, that’s probably fine depending on the distribution of work.However, if you directly copy a friend’s homework (even if they say it’s ok), it’s definitely a form of cheating whether or not the homework counts toward your grade. Avoid doing this, especially if you want to get good grades in the long term.If you copy your friends’ homework assignments, you’re committing self-sabotage.I know it’s a cliche that you only hurt yourself by cheating, but in this case it's true.If you rely too heavily on the knowledge of others for small assignments, larger assignments like tests and papers will be even more difficult since you never learned the material for yourself. Also, don't let your parents edit your papers extensively or do the bulk of the work in figuring out homework problems.They probably mean well, but it will do you more harm than good if you’re not learning on your own terms.Eventually, you’ll have to write an essay or solve math problems on a test, and you may fall short of your potential if you don't have experience doing these things independently. Matching jackets? Kind of cute and kind of lame. Matching homework? Unambiguously lame. Expert Study Strategies Many students have trouble getting good grades in high school because they don't know how to study effectively. Here are a few of the best ways to improve your test scores through the use of smart study strategies. Strategy #5: Always Do the Homework (Even If It Doesn’t Count!) Most teachers in high school assign regular homework, although some may not check it or incorporate it directly into your grade.Some students view this as a free pass to ignore homework assignments, which can is a very bad idea.In subjects like math and science in particular, homework assignments are critical if you want to gain full comprehension of the material.In math, your understanding of one unit of study is often a necessary foundation for your understanding of the next unit.Knowledge builds on itself. If you start skipping homework assignments, you may get confused when the teacher moves on to a new unit.Ultimately, you could become completely lost and perform poorly on assignments that do count towards your grade. Doing homework assignments will also help you psychologically. If you’re staying on top of things in a class, you'll be more confident in your knowledge.Homework assignments are a way of studying consistently over time. If you do the homework, you may not have to study as much for tests because you’ll already have a solid understanding of what you need to know. This is what will happen on tests if you don't have a strong homework-based foundation of knowledge. Strategy #6: Know the Difference Between Reading It Over and â€Å"Getting It† Just reading over the material before a test won't cut it unless you have a photographic memory. You need toactively absorb the information, not just skim over it and hope it will stick in your brain. Surface-level knowledge won't help you, especially when you're dealing with open-ended questions on a test. You should be able to recall the facts without any hints or prompting. If you have review sheets to study before a test, I would recommend reading them in small, manageable sections.After you read each section carefully, look away from it and see if you can repeat the facts back to yourself.Don’t move on from a section until you’re able to do this. One thing that I’ve found very helpful in cases like this is to make up some sort of weird mnemonic. It can be an acronym or just something memorable that has a random association with the information you need to know.The more bizarre the memory device you come up with, the more likely you are to remember the facts. After you’ve read everything over yourself and feel relatively confident, you can have someone else step in and quiz you on the information.To be sure that you have a full understanding of what you need to know, you should be able to answer questions about how different facts connect to each other rather than just regurgitating the facts themselves.For example, if you’re studying for a history test, you might have someone ask you a question like â€Å"what were the main factors that led to the French Revolution† that requires you to draw from a few distinct facts to reach a separate conclusion. Strategy #7: Study Between Tests, Don’t Cram There is a certain glamour for some students in the late-night pre-test cram session.However, sacrificing your sleep and sanity will not get you a better grade on the test (no matter how much cooler it might be than planning ahead). The best way to ensure that you don’t panic before a test (or on the test itself) is to make a habit of going over the material that you’ve learned regularly and not just when it gets down to the wire.You’ll retain it better, and you’ll get a good night’s sleep to recharge your brain. In the week before a big test, you can study for an hour or so every night rather than studying for five hours the night before.As you build up your knowledge, you’ll feel more and more confident.On the night before the test, instead of trying to study every little detail that you need to know, you can do a quick review of the main concepts to reassure yourself that you’re in good shape. If studying responsibly is too uncool for you, try getting a good night's sleep while wearing sunglasses to keep up the illusion of detached nonchalance. Strategies for Structuring Your Work Strategy #8: Make Project Timelines (Don’t Procrastinate!) If you hope to earn high grades without suffering from excessive amounts of stress, you must overcome your procrastination habits.It's especially hard to manage your time responsibly on long-term projects. It may seem like you have forever to complete the assignment, but time will always catch up with you. If you're a procrastinator, I highly recommend making a timeline whenever you get a long-term assignment. If you have a project that’s due in a month, set aside the first week for brainstorming, make a rough outline of the project in the second week, flesh it out as much as possible in the third week, and spend the rest of your time perfecting it.This is a vague timeline because it depends on the type of project you’re doing and what it involves, but you get the idea. If you save the last week for polishing your work and fixing mistakes, you’ll end up with a final product that’s a much better representation of your abilities.Sticking to a schedule like this can be tough, so you might want to ask your teacher to help monitor your progress by checking in with you periodically.Some teachers already set up checkpoints for longer term projects because they know students have trouble avoiding procrastination.If this is the case, stick to the schedule and avoid falling behind! Strategy #9: Stay Organized Many of these tips will be useless if you don’t keep track of all the materials for your classes.Cultivating good organizational habits will not only help you succeed in high school; it will pay off in spades when you get to college as well. Always mark the beginning of each new unit in your notebook, and keep a binder or folder for each class.This way, when you study for tests, you won’t be freaking out about where a certain review sheet went or why there seems to be nothing relevant in your notebook.Avoid just throwing papers into your backpack. I’ve made the mistake of doing this many times in the past, and you WILL forget where you put them when you need them most. It's also a good idea to write down your homework assignments in an agenda book so that you don’t miss anything.It’s easy to forget about smaller assignments if your brain is focused on a big project or test that’s coming up.Even if you don’t have a concrete homework assignment in every class, you should make note ofany potential work you might do that night. If you have light assignments in your other classes, this will remind you to catch up on a long term project or start studying a bit for a test that’s coming up in a week. Planners/Google calendars/whatever you kids are using to manage your time these days are your friends! What's Next? Worried about your GPA? Here are four strategies for raising your GPA in high school fast. If you're not sure whether your GPA is high enough for your goals, read this article on what a good GPA means for college. Still trying to figure out your courses? Check out our expert guide on which classes you should take in high school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

INTRODUCTION TO LAW FOR ACCOUNTANTS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INTRODUCTION TO LAW FOR ACCOUNTANTS - Case Study Example In reference to the case given, the concerned law is the ‘law of tort’. Tort can be defined as a civil wrong for which the remedy is a common law action for liquidated damages, and is not exclusively the breach of a contract. The case before me falls under the law of tort. Therefore, negligence means the breach of duty caused by the omission to do something, which a reasonable person would do or doing a thing which a reasonable person would not do. In order for a victim to succeed in a case of negligence, he/she has to prove three things. One of the key aspects to prove is that, there was an unlawful act or omission by the defendant, also known as tortfessor. Secondly, there must be a legal damage to the victim/the plaintiff, and finally, the wrong must be of such a nature as to give rise to a legal remedy in the form of an action for damages (Bromwich and Hopwood, 1992, p. 56). Failure by Rodney to slow down was a commission of an act that a prudent person ought to have avoided. As a result, Daisy suffered physical injuries; further, the migraine, which she had been suffering from started re-occurring more frequently, and more severely. Therefore, it is advisable for Daisy to institute a civil suit against Rodney for damages caused, as a result of his actions/inactions. Zahid, Rodney’s friend, who also suffered physical injuries as a result of the accident, is also entitled to legal remedy. This is because Rodney had a duty to drive slowly, but chose to over speed thus causing an accident. Awais, who was being rushed to hospital, could have been saved had he arrived in time; however, the accident caused by Rodney caused a heavy traffic that delayed Awais from making it to the hospital in time, and thus his legal right to access medical attention promptly was infringed. If Rodney could have exercised ordinary care and skill, the accident would not have occurred. In my opinion, therefore, Awais is entitled

Political Transitions in East and South East Asia Essay - 1

Political Transitions in East and South East Asia - Essay Example It is considered undemocratic in the event that people are respected and dignified selectively and with discriminatory perspectives. This concept of democracy illustrates that on some occasions the welfare of one or just a couple of people can be subordinated by the interests of the majority in order to achieve a common good. It is important to note that democracy does not it whatever circumstances promote equality of condition like in communism. Equality of condition comes with favoritism and categorization into groups of similar characteristics. On the other hand, democracy promotes equality of opportunity. According to equality of opportunity, everyone has then freedom to develop his or her talent to totality or as much as he or she cares to. Democracy is founded on the principle that the majority is more often right that wrong. When it comes to politics, democracy dictates that the majority is better positioned to make sane political decisions as compared to the minority or a single individual. One ought to note that sometimes democracy is seen as a trial and error process in which some decisions may not be absolute best but eventually become satisfactory because of its support from then majority faction. Despite the fact that democracy seems to dwell so much on the majority, it is noteworthy that it does not overlook the minority entirely. On the other hand, democracy gives some respect to the minority. This is done by giving then minority a chance to join the majority faction through legal means. Additionally, democracy also ensures that then minority in a society is given equal chance as the majority to voice its views. Compromising can be defined as the process of adjusting, reconciling and blending competing views with the aim of finding common ground that is most acceptable to the largest number of stakeholders involved. Democracy demands for the

Overview of Celiac Disease and Gluten

Overview of Celiac Disease and Gluten WHATS IN YOUR WHEAT? BY AISHA ADIL Percolating deep into the abyss of gluten-related research studies, opinions and perspectives, and several news outlets, it is starting to seem that, despite the hype, gluten-free diets (GFD) may not necessarily be the answer to a healthy lifestyle. Although these diets are the only current nutritional treatment for gluten-sensitive patients, other treatment options are being speculated. But even outside of the scope of disease, the prominence of gluten-free diets in the general population is raising question marks about how hazardous gluten really is. It has only been about 10,000 years since wheat was introduced but it is only now that being gluten-free is apparently the path to a healthy life. Hence, questioning what is in your wheat invites the inquiry of gluten: what caused it to gain so much prominence and subsequently a downgrade in the past years? What else is involved besides gluten? It is surprising to realize that many gluten-sensitive individuals are subject to a combination of factors, rather than gluten alone, that give rise to their sensitivity. Many researchers are investigating other complex carbohydrates present in wheat with some even suggesting that these carbohydrates have a higher likelihood in causing intestinal distress than gluten. With several angles of research being conducted on the role of gluten in our lives, it is imperative that we evaluate the history of gluten over the years and our current knowledge to assess a question that is very simply-put but difficult to answer: is a gluten-free diet a healthy choice? The Underpinning of Civilizations and Celiac The discovery of seeds and domestication of crops cradled the development and flourishment of civilizations at the cost of celiac disease (CD), an illness triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Clinically, the existence of celiac disease dates back to 1888 but it was only a little less than a hundred years later in the 1950s that the consumption of wheat, barley, and rye were speculated as the cause of intestinal lesions. Gluten, the storage proteins that comprise much of our common sources of carbohydrates such as wheat, barley, and rye, was found to be at the center of inducing CD and later in time, non-celiac gluten sensitivity. While the latter disorder is a controversial matter in even being considered a medical condition, celiac disease patients show a hypersensitive reaction to gluten consumption. This autoimmune ailment, otherwise described as a condition that causes our bodys immune system to attack our own tissues, detracts individuals from proper nutrient absorption and sub jects them to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and swollen bellies. It can even reach the extent of destroying our intestinal villi, the brush-like surfaces of our small intestine. Recently, it has been found that CD arises when individuals, along with being exposed to gluten, have a genetic predisposition to CD, and, per Fasano and his colleagues nine years of research, a leaky gut; an unusually permeable intestinal membrane, that permits the entry of gliadins, undigested fragments of gluten. The immunology of Celiac Disease   Delving further into the pathophysiology of CD, the mechanisms underlying CD are more complicated than one might expect. CD patients harbor an inherited set of gene variants called histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that give rise to the hypersensitive reaction against gluten. 95% of celiac patients possess HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8, proteins required for the primary establishment of CD. These proteins aid in developing an immune response in the face of microbial attacks. However, CD patients bodies secrete the tissue transglutaminase (TTG) that responds to and modifies ingested gluten proteins in a way that binds them with DQ2/8 proteins and initiates an immune response. Though this immune response should be protective, it unfortunately harms the intestinal cells and hinders the absorption of nutrients. We are not engineered to eat wheatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. gluten only came into the picture 10 000 years ago, with the advent of agriculture Alessio Fasano, University of Maryland School of Medicine The recent introduction of gluten perhaps explains why our body mounts an immune response against it it perceives gluten as a foreign invader such as a virus or a bacterium and activates the same defense as it does when an infection attacks our body. It therefore becomes tempting to propose that gluten should be eliminated from our diets completely but not so fast, says Fasano. Fasanos discovery of zonulin, a protein activated by gliadin in gluten and a capability of modifying the guts permeability, is seemingly a ray of hope. This protein is predictably what allows a leaky gut to occur, creating a loss of control as our intestine can no longer create a barrier against unwanted particles. However, zonulin is a controversial solution as clinical research and evidence on zonulin is scant. It is nonetheless suggested that zonulin modifies antigen traffic and may be involved in not only CD but in other, various immune diseases. Who knew gluten could cause controversy? Having gluten within the diet and experiencing gluten-sensitivity outside the context of celiac has also sparked controversies worldwide. This has been the case with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS), another syndrome in the spectrum of gluten-induced disorders that results in both extraintestinal and gastrointestinal symptoms due to gluten-withdrawal. This syndrome is however not new as reports dating back to the 1970s and 1980s provide evidence of patients experiencing wheat or gluten withdrawal in the absence of CD. NCGS main controversy today lies within its unavailable etiologic background or evidence such as biomarkers or histological abnormalities to support its existence. Another issue is that NCGS patients also report symptoms similar to those found in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients (IBS). This is an area where personal experience and anecdote really trumps the medical evidence thats emerged Dr. Jason Tye-Din, gastroenterologist at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Australia. Although this condition is raising conflicts between personal beliefs and medical advice, further research proposes that NCGS patients may be intolerant to other components of wheat such as FODMAPS and fructans rather than just gluten. FODMAPS, a group of sugars that are either poorly absorbed by the small intestine or completely indigestible, can be found in foods high in fructose such as apples and mangoes, dairy products, and fructans such as onions and garlic. Several studies such as Peter Gibsons and Biesikeierski and colleagues, in 2011, suggested that gluten is the culprit after all. Both well-designed studies subjected IBS patients to a gluten restriction challenge followed by a reintroduction of gluten. The results suggested that IBS patients do have NCGS given that they experienced stomach ailments when treated with gluten. These studies were however, criticized for their small numbers of participants and limited statistical evidence. Further well-designed and more detail-o riented studies in 2013 revealed that NCGS patients did not experience symptoms from gluten but rather with a FODMAPs diet. Accordingly, it seems that a FODMAPs-free diet is more effective but also more complicated than a gluten-free diet. Studies from 2011 have also convinced millions of people that being gluten-free makes them feel better. Research on FODMAPs however, does not have enough data to provide a definitive answer either; most of it is unclear or preliminary. Many studies are currently underway and will require time before a conclusive answer is available. Going Gluten-Free Conversely, with an increasingly growing belief that gluten-free diets are healthier, there is an increased consumption and demand for gluten-free foods in the market. Food companies are using the common perceptions that gluten-free products are healthier to advertise their products as such and that too, at an elevated price. These products may even be nutrient-poor and miscellaneous about their sugar, salt, and saturated fat composition. Economic markets respond to meet the growing demand hence it is no surprise to Catherine Cross, a writer of the Canadian Medical Association Journal, that gluten-free stamps are appearing more frequently on both healthy and unhealthy products. This therefore leads us to question whether the gluten-free products we buy are actually healthy. Besides our deep percolation of the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of wheat components and their effects on gluten-induced disorders, answering this question involves additional enquiry into the markets ex pansion of gluten-free products. After investigating and comparing the nutritional quality of 3213 gluten-free and non-gluten free products across 10 food categories, Wu and his colleagues in 2015 deduced that gluten-free products have, on average, lower protein levels, and an overall poor quality due to a high composition of sugar, salt, and saturated fats. Cross delved further into this matter suggesting that conventional gluten-free flours such as potato, rice, tapioca, and sorghum contain more calories and carbohydrates, and are also unfortified, an absence of intentionally increased essential micronutrients. Put differently, there is a large body of evidence suggesting that being gluten-free is not always healthier given the substitution of fat and sugar to compensate for the absence of gluten. However, further insight into whether this gluten-free diet is a better option can be better understood from CD patients bound to this diet. Groups of researchers including Lee and colleagues, and Singh Whelan all present similar data and conclusions of the limited availability of gluten-free products in parts of the US and in London, UK as well as their increased price compared to standard counterparts. Furthermore, Nascimento and colleagues in 2014 percolated consumer perceptions and suggestions of celiac consumers in Brazils Santa Catarina, and found that along with low availability and high prices, individuals experienced poor palatability and social life restrictions leading to hindrances in adhering to the gluten-free diet, and overall dissatisfaction with employing the diet. Other studies, such as Hallert and colleagues also suggest higher levels of nutritional deficiencies, especially of fibre and B vitamins. Conclusively, these studies and observations provide a greater set of limitations than advantages in employing a gluten-free diet which raises the ultimate question: how do we stay healthy? Fasano suggests that it depends on how one wants to become gluten-free. If one employs a natural gluten-free diet without substitutes and consume only fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats, it may be beneficial and may alleviate their symptoms of gluten-sensitivity. But a gluten-free diet with gluten-free pasta or cakes may result in adverse effects. Alexandra Anca, a Toronto dietitian, also suggests that if one desires a healthy-eating lifestyle, it is better to get back to the basics. While celiac patients are bound to gluten-free diets but nonetheless are on their way to alternative treatments, those who seek healthy lifestyles should focus on whole and less-processed foods, says Melanie McGrice, an Australian dietician. Overall, employing a healthy lifestyle is complicated given the interplay of the food markets increasingly diverse production of gluten-free products and the less well-known facts and studies about CD and NCGS. Embarking on this journey nonetheless requires a careful consideration of how you want to become healthy will you go old-school with the fresh fruits and vegetables? Word Count: 1796

Essay --

The beauty halo effect is the principle that people with good looking are going to have a better life. According to the beauty halo effect, attractive people are automatically attributed with more qualities than unattractive people, they are attributed a notion of talent and are considered as more socially attractable and desirable. This paper is going to define more precisely what the beauty halo effect is. Then it will define what impression formation is and how the attractiveness halo effect can affect the first impression. Finally it will briefly explain what impression management, and finally explain the role of the beauty halo effect in impression formation and management. The beauty halo effect has become a strong phenomenon in social psychology nowadays. The beauty halo effect can also be called â€Å"the physical attractiveness† stereotype and the â€Å"what is beautiful is good† principle (Lewis-Beck, Bryman and Liao, 2004). The halo effect makes reference to the tendency of people to better rate attractive people for their personality traits than the individuals that are qualified less attractive (Lewis-Beck, Bryman and Liao, 2004). The psychologist Edward Thorndike first wrote about the halo effect phenomenon in his paper The Constant Error in Psychological Ratings in 1920. He noticed in his work that â€Å"ratings were apparently affected by the tendency to think of a person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to color the judgments of the qualities by this general feelings† (Lachman and Bass, 2001). The halo effects explain the fact that early aspects influence the interpretation of later aspects (Forgas, 2011) . Since the first definition of the halo effects made by Thorndike in 1920, this concept has been the subject... ...mpression that others create on them, that is why in order to reach their wanted outcomes individuals will manage their presentation. In any interaction they have with others, people are concerned with they way they are perceived by the other persons (Leary and Allen, 2011). When people want to make a positive first impression they automatically tend to present the aspects of their personality that are the most in accordance with the image they want to provide of themselves (Leary and Allen, 2011). For instance, if a woman has a meeting with her male boss, she may manage her image to look serious, friendly, gentle, humorous and attractive in order to be perceived as competent, hard worker and responsible by her male boss (Leary and Allen, 2011). As beauty halo effect influence a lot the impression formation, it also considerably influences the impression management.

Role Clarity Through Competency Mapping

04-Oct-12 1 Human Resource Management: Overview Management Essentials †¢ Management is the process of efficiently and effectively achieving the objectives of the organization with and through people. What is an Organization? Purpose Structure People Management Essentials †¢ Primary Functions of Management – Planning – establishing goals. – Organizing – determining what activities need to be done. – Leading – assuring the right people are on the job and motivated. – Controlling – monitoring activities to be sure goals are met. Human Resource Management †¢ process of acquiring, utilizing, improving, and preserving an organization's orkforce. †¢ set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce. All accomplished to achieve organizational objectives Human Resources Process Recruitment Orientation/ Training Human Resource Planning Performance Compensation E xternal Influences External Influences Disengagement Selection Organizational Boundaries Organizational Boundaries 04-Oct-12 2 HRM Process 1. Human Resource Planning: – Forecasting Demand Supply and Job Analysis. 2. Staffing the Organization: – Recruitment, Selecting, and Orientation. 3. Developing the Workforce: – Training and Performance Appraisal. . Compensation and Benefit: – Wages and Salaries, Incentive and Benefit Programs. Basic Functions of HRM †¢ Staffing †¢ Human Resource Development †¢ Compensation †¢ Safety and Health †¢ Employee and Labor Relations Importance of HRM to an Organization †¢ concerned with the â€Å"people† dimension. – it is both staff (support) function (assists line employees) and function of every manager’s job. Importance of HRM to an Organization †¢ The Strategic Nature – – support the business strategy; †¢ assist in maintaining competitive advantag e. – determines value added to the organization; Importance of HRM to an Organization Changing Environment, Changing HR managers’ roles (HRM today requires a new level of sophistication): – Jobs have become more technical and skilled. – Employment legislation has placed new requirements on employers. – Traditional job boundaries blurred with advent of project teams, telecommuting, etc. – Global competition has increased demands for productivity. Human Resource: Certification Recruiter EEO coordinator Training specialist Labor relations specialist Job analyst Compensation manager HR Certification 04-Oct-12 3 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON HRM Recruitment Orientation/ Training Human Resource Planning Performance CompensationOrganizational Boundaries External Influences Disengagement Selection External Influences Organizational Boundaries legal considerations political parties unions shareholders society competition customers economy technology un anticipated events labor market HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Internal Environment External Environment Marketing Operations Finance Others†¦ legal considerations labor market society political parties unions shareholders competition customers technology economy unanticipated events Organizational Environments: Review ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON HRM Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Legal considerations †¢ Labor market Society †¢ Political parties †¢ Unions †¢ Shareholders †¢ Competition †¢ Customers †¢ Economy †¢ Technology †¢ Management Thought †¢ Unanticipated events Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Legal Considerations – Governmental Legislation; national/local. – Laws directing employer and employee actions. †¢ Labor Market – Potential employees located within certain geographic area; always changing. – Workforce diversity. Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Society (ethics/soc ial responsibility) – Act ethically and responsibly, to remain acceptable to the general public. †¢ Unions – Group of employees. – Bargain (joint decisions) with management n members’ behalf. – Third party dealing with the company. 04-Oct-12 4 Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Shareholders – Owners. – May challenge management’s programs. †¢ Competition – In product/service and labor markets. – Maintain supply of competent employees. Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Customers – Employment practices not to antagonize†¦ – Capable workforce for quality output. †¢ Economy – Booming: difficult getting qualified workers. – Downturn: more applicants available. – Different economies in same country. Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ HR Technology – Innovations has led to Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS). HRIS: (Assignment – WHA T IS HRIS? ) †¢ used to obtain and track information for HR decisions: recruitment, benefits administration, safeguarding confidential information. – Social Networking †¢ Virtual community: people use internet to communicate: blogs, LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Management Thought (Management practices) – Scientific management – Behavioral approach – System approach (Reading Assignment) – Contingency approach Environmental Influences on HRM †¢ Unanticipated Events – Unforeseen occurrences. – Require tremendous amount of adjustment. CHANGING STRATEGIC ROLE OF HR 04-Oct-12 5Changing Strategic Role of HR †¢ HR’s Changing Role: Questions †¢ Can some HR tasks be performed more efficiently by line managers or outside vendors? †¢ Can some HR tasks be centralized or eliminated altogether? †¢ Can technology perform some of the tasks that were previously done by HR per sonnel? Changing Strategic Role of HR †¢ Who is Responsible for HRM Tasks? – Human resource managers – HR outsourcing – Professional employer organization (employee leasing) – Line managers Changing Strategic Role of HR †¢ Human Resource Manager – Historically , responsible for HR functions. – Staff capacity; support other managers on HR matters. Today, getting smaller. †¢ HR Outsourcing – Transfer of responsibility to external provider. Changing Strategic Role of HR †¢ Professional Employer Organization (Employee Leasing) – Company that leases employees to other businesses: becoming common – Advantages: †¢ Economies of scale. †¢ Greater job mobility for workers. †¢ Job security through leasing company. – Disadvantage: employee loyalty. Changing Strategic Role of HR †¢ Line Managers – Involved, by nature of their jobs. – Now performs HR specialists’ job due to automation processes: †¢ record keeping †¢ recruitment/selection †¢ performance appraisal †¢ etc Questions†¦